Ingest Bucket

The subjoined record is also dated in the 2nd year of Sakalabhuvanachakravartin Kōpperuñjingadēva. It registers a gift of land, after purchase, from a certain Ārāva- mudu-Bhaṭṭan by Sīyārūrdēvan Ādichchadēvan of Kuṟuchchi in Kiliyūr-nāḍu, a subdivision of Pāṇḍikulāśaṉi-vaḷanādu for the early morning service, sacred bath on Saturdays, unguents, garlands and offerings to the god Śivalōkamudaiya-Nāyaṉār at Tiruppuṉgūr in Tiruvāli-nāḍu, a subdivision of Rajadhiraja-valanadu. The astronomical details given in the record correspond to A.D. 1245, February 16, Thursday, with the emendation ba. 4 for ba. 14.

This inscription, dated in the 3rd year, registers a gift of 1½ mā of land as tirunāmattukkāṇi to the god at Tirukkōḍikā in Nallār̤r̤ūr-nāḍu, a subdivision of Virudarājabhayaṅkara-vaḷanāḍu by Pākkamuḍaiyāṉ Pañchaṉ Uḍaiyapiḷḷai of Iḷamaṅgalam in Jayaṅgoṇḍaśōḻa-maṇḍalam alias Śiṅgapura-nāḍu, after purchasing it from Kautsaṉ Tribhuvanasundaraṉ Dekkaṇāmūtti-Bhaṭṭaṉ who had the Śaivāchārya-right in the temple and his younger brother Kar̤pagar alias Tribhuvanasundara-Bhaṭṭaṉ. The details of date given in the inscription correspond to A.D. 1244, May 17, Tuesday, which, however, did not fall in the 3rd year of the chief. The details are also regular for A.D. 1234, May 9, Tuesday which would fall in the reign of the elder chief.

This is an incomplete record of Peruñjiṅgadēva dated in the 5th year and is called a mūlasādhanam of the chief. It records a sale of land in Śembiyaṉ Kurudaiyāḍi, situated in Paṉaiyūr-nāḍu, a subdivision of Kulōttuṅgaśōḻa-vaḷanāḍu to Udaiyaṉ Tiruñānasambandaṉ Aḻagiyāṉ Rājadivākara-Mūvēndiravēḷāṉ of Viḻiyūr in Āvūr-kūr̤r̤am, a subdivision of Nittavinōda-vaḷanāḍu by Araiyaṉ Pur̤r̤iḍaṅkoṇḍān Dēvapperumāḷ, the headman of Kurudaiyāḍi in Tañjāvūr kūr̤r̤am, a subdivision of Pāṇḍikulāśaṉi-vaḷanāḍu. As the record is incomplete further details as to the purpose of the transaction are not clear. The details of date given in the inscription are not regular.

This record of the 16th year gives an instance of how arrears of rent amounting to 8,000 kāśu was collected in the 13th century. When the accounts of the temple of Rājarāja-Īśvaram-Uḍaiyār at Rājarāja Kuḷattūr in Tiruvindaḷūr-nāḍu, a subdivision of Rājarāja-vaḷanāḍu, were audited by Kayilādamuḍaiyāṉ alias Śōḻḻakōṉ-Pallavaraiyar, an agambaḍi-mudali of Śōḻakōṉ, between the 23rd and 25th [days of Āḍi], it was found out that Amudaṉ Śāyaṉ Dāmōdira-Bhaṭṭaṉ of Tiruvindaḷūr had not paid his dues to the temple, on three bits of land enjoyed by him. The owner having died, his wife and his son Sūryadēva-Bhaṭṭaṉ were directed to pay up the arrears and they pleaded inability, but requested the authorities to protect them by attaching their ‘Aruṅgāḍaṉ’ land. Accordingly this land measuring 8½ mā in extent was, with the cognisance of her husband's brother Śaḍaiyāṇḍāṉ Tiruvīraṭṭānamuḍaiyāṉ-Bhaṭṭaṉ, set off against the arrears of tax and converted into a tirunāmattukkāṇi land of the temple. The income from this land was then allowed to be utilised for providing offerings to the god during the mid-day service and for maintaining two sacred lamps in the temple, for the welfare of Piḷḷai Śōḻakōṉār. The temple of Rājarāja-Īśvaram-Uḍaiyār was constructed, evidently after the name of Rājarāja II, by his general Kuḷattuḻāṉ Tiruchchir̤r̤ambalamuḍaiyāṉ Perumānambi alias Pallavarāyar. The existence of this record in the Tanjore district indicates the extent of the dominion of Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva. In connection with the reversionary rights to properties, an inscription of the time of Rājādhirāja II (1163-1178 A.D.) states that a married woman should, on the death of her husband, become the owner of the lands, slaves, jewels and other valuables and the cattle of her deceased husband. According to the details given, the date of the record is A.D. 1259, July 27, Sunday.

This record of the 24th year, like No. 199 above from Pallavarāyaṉpēṭṭai, deals with defaulters in payment of land revenue. It states that Tirunaṭṭamāḍi-Bhaṭṭaṉ of Gōmāḍam held lands at Kor̤r̤aṅguḍi alias Kulōttuṅgaśōḻanallūr. Evidently after his death, the payment of taxes on this land, which fell into arrears, devolved upon his two sons Yajñā-Bhaṭṭaṉ and Sundarattōḍu-uḍaiyāṉ and his wife Vaṇḍuvā[r]- kuḻalichchāṉi. Since there was nobody to stand surety for them, they agreed to pay up the arrears by raising a loan from the treasury of Tiruvalañjuḻi-uḍaiya-Nāyaṉār and Veḷḷaippiḷḷaiyār and from the Malaiyāḷar of Malai-maṇḍalam who seem to have established a settlement here from the West Coast. They paid only a portion of the dues, but being unable to pay the balance, left the village. The duty of collecting the arrears fell on the assembly of Akhilanāyakachchēri, a dēvadāna in Akhilanāyaka-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, who, to clear the debts and realise the amount due, sold their lands and house-sites, with the sanction of the royal officer Vattarāyar, as tirunāmattukkāṇi to the temple of Tiruvalañjuḻi-Uḍaiyār. The duty of collecting arrears in land revenue invariably fell on the assembly, who, in such cases, had to apply to the king for permission to confiscate lands. A record of Rājarāja I states that the period of default should be at least two full years to justify such a step. According to the details given, the date of this inscription is A.D. 1266, August 9, Monday, the nakshatra being Anurādhā, not Uttiraḍam as cited in the record. The territorial division Uyyakkoṇḍār-vaḷanāḍu is stated to be situated between the rivers Ariśil and Kāvērī, in an inscription from Tanjore.

This inscription dated in the 2[5]th year, states that Arayaṉ Udaiyañcheydāṉ alias Toṇḍaimāṉ of Perumaṅgalam in Ār̤kāṭṭuk-kūr̤r̤am, a subdivision of Pāṇḍikulāśaṉi-vaḷanāḍu, presented lands after purchasing them from the āṇḍārs of Purāṇaviṭaṅka-maṅgalam, as tirunāmattukkāṇi to the god Āḷappir̤andīśvaram-Uḍaiyar set up by him in the Nāyakar-tirumaṇḍapa situated in the first prākāra of the temple of Purāṇa-Nāyaṉār at Tirumaṅgalakkuḍi. It may be noted here that verse 94 of the Śōḻamaṇḍala-śatakam describes the exploits of a certain chief of Perumaṅgalam near Puḷḷirukkuvēḷūr who emulated the victory of Kāḍavarkōṉ (Pallava king) and helped the Chōḷa king against some northern foes.

This inscription dated in the 29th year, is one of the few records of the chief found in the Tanjore district. It registers an order of the mūlaparushai of Śēñalūr in Miḻalai-nāḍu, a subdivision of Virudarājabhayaṅkara-vaḷanāḍu, to include as ūrkīḻ-ir̤aiyili two vēli of land belonging to the temple of the god at Tiruvāppāḍi. The necessary alterations consequent on this decision were also ordered to be made in the oḻugu register. The astronomical details given point to December 19, Saturday, A.D. 1271, as the date of the record.

This inscription of the 19th year of Nandippōttaraiyar begins by stating that it is a copy of an old stone record found in the temple. A later record in the same place mentions that Śembiyaṉ-Mādēviyār, the mother of the Chōḷa king Uttama-Chōḷa, repaired the temple at Tirukkōḍikkā and that she then ordered the re-engraving of the old inscriptions found on the walls before renovation. The Chōḷa queen, by this policy, has preserved for posterity as many as 26 inscriptions in this temple, which would otherwise have been irretrievably lost. The present inscription is a palimpsest and it registers a gift of 100 kalam of paddy by Āḻiśir̤iyaṉ for maintaining a sacred lamp in the temple of Śir̤unaṅgai-Īśvarāgaram at Tirukkōḍikā. The priests of the temple agreed to maintain the lamp.

This inscription is dated in the 22nd year of Nandivarmarāja. It registers a purchase of 1½ vēli of land called Vaṇṇakkaviḷāgam from the assembly of Tribhuvanamādēvi-chaturvēdimaṅgalam by Śandippeliyār (probably a person in charge of the conduct of ceremonies in the temple), for burning a lamp and for providing offerings to the god Tiruvaigāvuḍaiya-Mahādēva. The mention of Tribhuvanamādēvi-chaturvēdimaṅgalam as the surname of Tiruvaigāvūr, which is only found in later inscriptions clearly indicates that this is not an exact copy of the original record, though in the last line this epigraph is stated to be a copy of a stone inscription. Judging from palæography, the inscription may be assigned to the 11th century A.D.

The present record does not give the king's name, but from the mention therein of Vīra-Mahādēviyār, the queen of Nṛipatuṅga-Mahārāja, it may be ascribed to Nṛipatuṅga himself. It gives the interesting information that this queen performed the hiraṇyagarbha and tulābhāra ceremonies, evidently at Tirukkōḍikkā and presented 50 kaḻañju of gold from the wealth so weighed, to the temple of Mahādēva in the village for offerings and lamp. The assembly of Tirukkōḍikkāvu alias Kaṇṇamaṅgalam received the money and undertook to conduct the endowment. Queen Vīra-Mahādēviyār is known to epigraphy for the first time only from this record.

This is stated to be a copy of an old inscription. It records an agreement by the sabhā of Tirukkōḍikā alias Kaṇṇnnamaṅgalam in Nallāṟṟūr-nāḍu on the northern bank of the river), to make immune from all taxes, a piece of land sold by them to a resident of the village by name Attiraiyan Kiḻavaṉ kōḍikāvaṉ who endowed it to the temple of Mahādēva as meḻukkuppuram, ie, for the maintenance of a servant for cleaning the premises.

This records an endowment of 30 kaḷañju of gold by Vēlān Tiruvenkāḍaḍigaḷ alias Müvēnda-Piḍavür-Vēlāṇ of Piḍavür in Piḍavür-nāḍu for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple of Tiruchchōṟṟuttuṟai-Mahādēva. The ūrkilār-makkal of kōḍiyālam, the brahmadēya -kiiavargal and the urar of the village, held themselves responsible for the maintenance of the lamp. Evidently the same gift is recorded in No. 137 of 1931 also in Sanskrit, the text of which is given below. To judge from its writing and disposition with regard to No. 138 of 1931 of the 13th year of Parāntaka I, this is possibly a record of Gaṇḍarāditya.

This is incomplete and damaged. It seems to register the exemption granted by the Mahāsabhā of Mādaṉamañjari-chaturvēdimaṅgalam a brahmadēya of Neņmali- nadu to the temple of Tiruviramīśvarattu-Mahādēva at the village, from the payment of taxes on one (vēli) and a half of land endowed after purchase by Tirumafijanappichchar, a servant (karmi) of the temple, in consideration of a lump- sum received by them from the donor.

This records an endowment of 60 kaḷañju of gold by a certain Ayyan Vembadiga! of the Pärttivaśēkarat-teriñja-Kaikkōlar (regiment ?) for daily offerings and for feeding in the temple of Tiruvengadudēvar. The assembly of Nangur received the amount and sold to the temple tax-free, one ili of land for this purpose. Among the boundaries of the land mentioned, are a high road leading to Pattanam (Kāvērippumpaṭṭinam). and another land which had been endowed to the temple by a certain KottappichChōḷar (Pottapi-Chōḷa). This person may be identical with the chief PottappichChōḷar Sattiyaraiyar figuring in a record from Vriddhachalam in the South Arcot district (No 49 of 1918), dated in the 7th year of Rājarāja I. and hence the present inscription may be assigned to that king. Pārthivaśēkhara after whom the Kaikkōlar regiment was called seems to have been a title of Rājarāja.

This records a gift of 2 mā of land left in charge of the dēvakarmis for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple of Paramasvami at Tiruppuṟambiyam, a dēvadāna separated from the division Andaṭṭu-kūṟṟam', by Sāvāndi Kumaran Mādēvan of Iḍaiyārrukkuḍi (residing at) at Vänavaṇmādēvi-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, a brahn adēya in Innambar-nāḍu The name of the brahmadēya village suggests its origin to Vāṇava¬mahādēvi, a queen of Uttama-Chōḷa (M.E.R. 1926, II,21) or to the queen of Sundara-Chōḷa, the mother of Rājarāja I (ibid. II, 16).

This inscription is damaged. It seems to register the mortgage of a piece of land for the dues of 200 kalam of paddy by Koṟṟappaḷḷi Kaṇḍṉn Ayyan a resident- scholar (?) of the village, to the temple at Tiruviḍaikkaḻi, a dēvadāna in Kuṟumbūr- nāḍu. The characters appear to be similar to those of No. 17 above.

This is a fragmentary epigraph registering a gift of a silver vessel to (god) Śrī Pugalūrdēva. Below and close to this is another fragment of the 3rd year of a king whose name is lost, which records gift of a silver pot to the same deity by Pa(Bha)ṭṭan Danatungi[yār], a queen of Uttama-Chōḷa.

This records a gift of 30 kaḷañju of gold for a perpetual lamp in the temple of Mahādēva at Tiruppaḻaṉam, a dīvadāna in Mirai-kūṟṟam, by Sōḻaperumānaḍigaḷ Peru- nerkillich-Chōḷa. The donor is evidently identical with king Rājakēsarivarman himself who was called so after his great ancestor Perunaṟkiḷḷi of Sangam fame who performed the Rājasiya sacrifice. The same surname is found for the donor in No. 15 above from Tiruveṅkāḍu, which is also dated in the 2nd year of Rājakēsari-varman.

A gift of 90 sheep left in charge of the sabhā of Siṟupaḷuvūr for the daily supply of an uḻakku of ghee by the nārāyam (measure) for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple of Tiruvalandurai-Mahādēva of the village, by Nakkaṉ Kādaṇār of Paḷuvūr.