Bhadradīpam is an unpublished Kerala astronomical text with mathematical computations. It is written in Maṇipravāḷa verses which is a mixture both Sanskrit and Malayalam language. It comprises of eleven chapters.The author of the text is Iṭakramañceri Nampūtiri who belongs to Perumaṇpuṛa near Calicut. It contains the description of how to construct the armillary sphere ( Bhūgoḷa), the calculation of Kali year and Śaka year and the Palabhā (the equinoctial shadow of the gnomon) experiment.

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Chayaganithamu translates to “mathematics of shadows.” In this sense, it possibly refers to trigonometry, since early trigonometric calculations were derived from the geometry of shadows. The context of the text needs to be determined. Most likely it was pedagogical. It is likely a book/chapter of Sara Sangraha Ganitamu

Red colored basket made of palm leaf, with artwork covering the object's surface

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Square 1950

Square 1950

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

The dimension of this palm leaf manuscript is 42.3 x 3. Contains 30 leaves. Incomplete. 7 to 8 lines per page approximately. Preserved in good condition. Some pages are left blank intentionally to help the students. Ensuvadi is a basic material used in schooling for beginners. Introduces Tamil letters and basic numbers and fractions.

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Contains 9 leaves. Readable. Incomplete. Bad condition. 4-5 lines per page approximately. Wrongly titled as Muntiri Ilakkam. This manuscript served as a pedagogic material to the primary students.

Contains 35 leaves. Readable. Incomplete. Good condition. 5-6 lines per page approximately. This manuscript served as a pedagogic material to the primary level students. The scribe also included English months along with other details in this manuscript.

Contains 20 leaves. Readable. Incomplete. 4-5 lines per page approximately. Some leaves are damaged. This manuscript served as a pedagogic material to the primary level students. The name appeared in this text is 'Mu. Karuppanan Encuvadi'.

Contains 11 leaves. Readable. Incomplete. 5-6 lines per page approximately. Good condition. This manuscript served as a pedagogic material to the primary level students.

Contains 16 leaves. 10 lines per page approximately. Readable. Incomplete. Preserved well. This manuscript served as a pedagogic material for primary students. The owner of this manuscript as mentioned in the manuscript is velayudam pillai.

Contains 21 leaves. Readable. Incomplete. 5 lines per page approximately. Good condition. This manuscript served as a pedagogic material for primary level students.

Readable. Complete. 4-5 lines per page approximately. Good condition. This manuscript served as a pedagogic material to the primary level students, deals with basic mathematics.

Contains 35 leaves. Readable. Incomplete. 5-6 lines per page approximately. Some leaves are damaged. This manuscript served as a pedagogic material to the primary level students, deals with basic mathematics.

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here