This along with Kālaśākkaram Part 2 is a complete handwritten copy of the Kālaśākkaram. Kālaśākkaram is an astrological text that describes the positions of planetary bodies and their purported benefic and malefic influences. The text also contains an extensive list of planetary positions, which, at first glance, appears to refer to calendrical calculations.

Kadata records are an accountant documents written by scribes employed by Mutt administration. This kadata is written by Venkatakrishniah Bhatta for Kalasa property administration dated mid-eighteenth century.

The manuscript discusses land surveying, measurement of solid items using measuring units kāun, gaṇḍā, etc.

The manuscript includes mixed problems of Kaitheli Mathematics

The manuscript contains sums of panchak, land survey, donation, special types, etc. Units of measurement such as kāun, sok, pon, gandā, bat etc. are used in the manuscript.

Handel made of wood, Agricultural Implement

Read the measuring instruments overview and theme description here

Kālaśākkaram is an astrological text that describes the positions of planetary bodies and their purported benefic and malefic influences. The text also contains an extensive list of planetary positions, which, at first glance, appears to refer to calendrical calculations.

This along with Kālaśākkaram Part 1 is a complete handwritten copy of the Kālaśākkaram. Kālaśākkaram is an astrological text that describes the positions of planetary bodies and their purported benefic and malefic influences. The text also contains an extensive list of planetary positions, which, at first glance, appears to refer to calendrical calculations. The manuscript needs to be studied in detail to understand the role of computational processes in astrological calculations.

This is an edited volume of Kalasakkaram published by Sarasvati Mahal Library based on a manuscript by Thillanayaka Pulavar. The edited volume in prepared by Vidvan Adikalasriyar. The copy we link here is hosted by Internet Archive. Kālaśākkaram is an astrological text that describes the positions of planetary bodies and their purported benefic and malefic influences. The text also contains an extensive list of planetary positions, which, at first glance, appears to refer to calendrical calculations. The manuscript needs to be studied in detail to understand the role of computational processes in astrological calculations.

The manuscript appears to be in good shape. Has a total of 34 leaves with about 8 lines per side.

The following description is from a recently published volume of Kaṇakkatikārarattiṉac curukkam edited by Muthu V Prakash and Gunasekaran Babu. Kanakkatikara rattinac curukkam, written in late medieval South India by Valathuruvakkum Perumal, is a compilation of mathematical problems. These problems pertain to practices concerning village accounting, agriculture and other artisanal occupations. This text is part of the genre of mathematical texts in Tamil, called the Kanakkatikaram. While the text does not fit neatly into modern categories of a manual or a textbook, it is a compilation of computational procedures at the workplace of different practitioners, such as the revenue accountant, the peasant, the artisan and the trader. The explicitly pedagogical overtones to the text also help us understand the significance of the spheres in which such a text could have been in circulation in early modern south Tamil country. The manuscript is partially damaged but readable.

The dimension of this palm leaf manuscript is 38 x 3.5. Contains 31 leaves. 7 lines per page approximately. Preserved in good condition. Incomplete. This manuscript contains both the text with its commentary. This manuscript contains two kinds of page numbers inscribed to the left of the manuscript one gives the whole number of the bundle and the other gives the page number of the text. Each folio was classified according to the physical form of the manuscript. The text and its commentary were mentioned separately with specified symbols. Measurements, mathematical calculations are clearly explained. This could possibly be a pedagogical material. The copier appears to have had a sense of having a student's needs in his mind while copying. However, this needs to be closely examined.

This is a hand written copy of Kanakkatikaram copied by S Chandrasekaran in 1956 from a bundle which consisted of Kanakkatikaram, Nadi Nidanam and Agathiyar Muppuvaippu. It is not clear if the actual copy is complete. Our digitised copy is incomplete.

The dimension of this palm leaf manuscript is 40x3. Contains 27 leaves, 5 to 6 lines per page. The title page appears in the middle of this collection. The leaves are misarranged. Some leaves are missing (7-9). Incomplete. Some leaves are broken. Letters are in good visibility. This manuscript deals with all kinds of measurements such as volume, weighing, linear, time, yugas, etc. Lists the measurements and helps the students to know the value of the measurements in words.

The dimension of this paper manuscript is 26x32. Contains 54 pages. Complete. Preserved in good condition. This manuscript was copied in 1956 by Mr. Chandranakeswaran. The original manuscript from which this copy was made is unfortunately not mentioned in this copy. This manuscript contains both text and commentary.

This is digital copy of a Kanakkatikaram manuscript housed at Sri Venkateswara Oriental Research Institute, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. It contains 61 leaves, is readable but incomplete and damaged. 8-9 lines per page.

This is a Kanakkatikaram manuscript held at GOML, Chennai. The manuscript appears to be in good condition and complete. However, we could not digitise the whole manuscript.

The dimension of this palm leaf manuscript is 31 x 3.5. Contains 1 page. 6 lines per page. Incomplete. The page number mentioned on the right side of the page is 142.

This is a handwritten copy of Kanakkatikaram. This paper manuscript is in good condition. The text says it was transcribed in 1920-21 from a manuscript of Vadamalaranbu (?) Chettiyar, Pudunagaram, Palghat.

The dimension of the palm leaf manuscript is 15x1 inches. 22 leaves; 44 folios. Condition is good, though some leaves are damaged. Contains 4-5 lines per page. Incomplete. Kanakkatikaram is a pedagogic text for advanced students. It deals with arithmetic and other mathematical calculations. Contains both formulas as well as calculations.

The title of this manuscript translates to Book of mathematics. The content also appear mathematical. The manuscript is perhaps incomplete. Catalogue information from GOML suggests that in addition to tamil script it also contains Grantha script. It needs to be closely studied to ascertain the nature and context of the content.

This is a digitised copy of a manuscript held at Oriental Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram. Though damaged, the manuscript appears complete. Kanakku Saastiram is possibly similar to Kanakkatikaram in content and structure. However, the manuscript is yet to be studied in detail.

This edited version of Kanakku Sāram is based on Palm Leaf Ms. D. No. 291 in the Govt. Oriental Ms. Library Madras. It is edited by C. Achyuta Menon and published by Government Oriental Manuscript Library. A digital copy of the text is housed at Granthapura - Kerala Digital Archive. The text does not name its author. However the author mentions that they base their compilation on the teachings of their Guru, Kaṇakkatikāram and Līlāvatī. The editor has grouped the verses under 6 Chapters. The verses which describes numbers or procedures are followed with problems often. An explanation to verses are often given in prose. The text appears to combine numbers from both Lilavati and Kanakkatikaram to produce a longer list of numbers. In addition to this it also deals with grain measures, gold measures and so on found in Kanakkatikaram texts. The text also refers to diversity in linear measures, in terms of how a kol may vary from place to place. Rule of three, Rule of five and above, the inverse rule of three etc are explicitly stated and many problems on the same are posed. The text also includes problems to compute interest rates, problems on muthukanakku (on computing value of pearls) and a variety of time measures among other things.

This Kanakkusaram Balaprabodham is edited by C. Achyuta Menon and published by Government Oriental Manuscript Library. The editor does not mention the repository information of the corresponding palm leaf manuscript. This is similar to Kanakkusaram, but the editor notes that this is simpler. Additionally it contains some verses not in Kanakkusaram and it does not have some verses in Kanakkusaram. It is likely that the author of Kanakkusaram Balaprabodham is different from author of Kanakkusaram but that their sources are similar. The author of this text also mentions that the text is based on Kanakkatikaram and Lilavati. The version we link here is a digital copy of the text is housed at Granthapura - Kerala Digital Archive.

Contains 52 leaves. Readable. Incomplete. 6 lines per page approximately. Brittle. This manuscript deals with astrological calculations and predictions. Verses are both in Tamil and Grantha script.

This manuscript bundle is composed of 90 leaves written on both sides. Bundle is good condition to read. The first 65 leaves is Kanitha Saastiram. Preserved in good condition. This manuscript deals with astrological calculations based on Surya Siddhanta.

The dimension of this palm-leaf manuscript is 28 x 3.5, contains 28 leaves, 6 to 11 lines per folio approximately. Preserved in good condition. incomplete. This bundle of palm leaves has various subjects such as the Gowri pañcāṅkam, a Hindu calendar and an almanac, and Ganita Curukkam. Ganita Curukkam was written in both Tamil and Granta script. The motion of the planets, calculating timings of both planets and titi, lunar days. This manuscript would be used as a consulting material for astrologers.

Handwritten copy of Kappal Saastiram, a tamil manuscript on ship building techniques. The translation was done by T. N. Appavoo.

This is the first mathematical treatise on Kāithelī Mathematics. It covers arithmetic, land measurement and surveying, as well as the management of deposits, income, and expenditure. The manuscript initially provides an account of how to manage income and expenditures under various sections. Arithmetic is subsequently divided into three sections: āṭhkathā, daśāṃśa, and bidyā uṭhi. The āṭhkathā section presents rules for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division; daśāṃśa deals with fractional numbers; and bidyā uṭhi contains miscellaneous mathematical problems. Interestingly, the text recommends that multiplication should be taught first, with addition introduced subsequently as a corollary. Similarly, subtraction is presented as a corollary of division, suggesting a particular pedagogical sequence for the teaching of arithmetic. Beyond arithmetic, the manuscript provides methods for measuring land and determining the area of different plots. Towards the end, it includes mathematical examples attributed to several mathematicians, including Narayan Das, Umapati Siddha, Hridayananda Kayastha, and Durga Das. These references indicate the circulation and transmission of mathematical knowledge through individual practitioners and teachers within the Kāithelī tradition.

Used to construct angle

Handel made of wood

Handel made of wood

As the name suggests, this is possibly an account (book) related to a temple. The text requires careful study to understand its context and the mathematical practices it reflects.

Accounts ledger from some Karaikkudi chettiar household

Contains 86 pages. Readable. Complete. Preserved in good condition. This paper document deals with the Chettiyar family accounts.

Contains 287 pages. Readable. Complete. Preserved in good condition. This paper document deals with the Chettiyar family accounts of the 1930s.

Likely a manuscript on geometrical computations and techniques. May be a part of Sāra Sangraha Ganitamu. The manuscript needs to be closely studied to ascertain these.

Likely a manuscript on geometrical computations and techniques. Could be a part of Sāra Sangraha Ganitamu. The manuscript needs to be closely studied to ascertain these.