Tamil

Contains 35 leaves. Readable. Complete. 6 lines per page approximately. Good condition. This manuscript deals with horary astrology.

The catalogue information from holding repository identify this manuscript as Astana Kolakalam. The first leaf which contains an invocation also refers to the manuscript as Astana Kolakalam. However, we are unsure if the following leaves belong to Astana Kolakalam, which is recognised as a mathematical manuscript in the tradition of Kanakkatikaram tradition. Even if it is, the manuscript is clearly incomplete. Astana Kolakalam is considered to have been inspired by Kanakkatikaram texts and follows a similar organisation of problem verses based on context of computations, such as gold, land, grain and so on. The author intend it to be a summary (kolakalam) which will be an useful reference both the skilled and numerically weak. Whether all the leaves we have here belongs to Astana Kolakalam needs to be examined. Besides manuscripts housed in GOML, Chennai and Saravati Mahal Library there are also two edited volumes of Astana Kolakalam available.

The dimension of this palm leaf manuscript is 42 x 3.5. Contains 42 leaves. 5 to 7 lines per page approximately. Preserved in good condition, some leaves are damaged. Incomplete. The page number is inscribed to the left of the manuscript. The text discusses mathematical operations such as multiplication of integers, operations of fractions, measures of length, weight, time and miscellaneous other problems. Aastana Kolakalam is considered to have been inspired by Kanakkatikaram texts and follows a similar organisation of problem verses, based on context of computations, such as gold, land, grain and so on. The author intend it to be a summary (kolakalam) which will be an useful reference both the skilled and numerically weak. Besides manuscripts housed in GOML, Chennai and Saravati Mahal Library there are also two edited volumes of Aastana Kolakalam available.

The title suggest the manuscript is related to Kanakkatikaram. The nature of its relation to Kanakkatikaram texts needs to be examined. The manuscript appears partially damaged. Readable.

An account ledger from a chettiar household in Karaikkudi. No further information is available.

Contains 108 leaves. Incomplete. 4 lines on each page. Readable. Preserved in good condition. This manuscript deals with suggesting auspicious inauspicious times to begin or to do rituals, constructions, poojas, etc.

It appears to be a table of measures and measurement units expected to be memorised by learners. The manuscript needs to be closely studied.

The dimension of this palm leaf manuscript is 28x3.5. Contains 13 leaves. Incomplete. The approximate number of lines per page is 8. Empty leaves are found in-between the text. One leaf was written in Granta script. The page number appears in the right corner in Tamil numbers. The text starts with page number 38 and ends with 49. There are various astrological calculations and timings are given in this manuscript. The texts appear in this collection are Naṭcattira ātāyam celavu, kantāya palaṉaṟiya, maḻaiyaṟiya, karināḷ cūlam, vitai aṟiya, katir koḷḷal, vināṭi nāḻikai,māta palaṉ, tiṉa palaṉ, tāra palamaṟiya, and mirukam pakṣi. Notable calculations in this collection of astrology are to know when one has to sow the land to get a good yield, the time of raining, timings that one has to do auspicious things etc. Chakras are provided for raining. The page appears with Granta script talks about whole of timing calculations. There are two handwritings are found in this collection viz., one is someone who given the title separately in a leaf and the one who copied the text. This manuscript could be used as consulting material by astrologers.

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

The dimension of this palm leaf manuscript is 42.3 x 3. Contains 30 leaves. Incomplete. 7 to 8 lines per page approximately. Preserved in good condition. Some pages are left blank intentionally to help the students. Ensuvadi is a basic material used in schooling for beginners. Introduces Tamil letters and basic numbers and fractions.

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Contains 9 leaves. Readable. Incomplete. Bad condition. 4-5 lines per page approximately. Wrongly titled as Muntiri Ilakkam. This manuscript served as a pedagogic material to the primary students.

Contains 35 leaves. Readable. Incomplete. Good condition. 5-6 lines per page approximately. This manuscript served as a pedagogic material to the primary level students. The scribe also included English months along with other details in this manuscript.

Contains 20 leaves. Readable. Incomplete. 4-5 lines per page approximately. Some leaves are damaged. This manuscript served as a pedagogic material to the primary level students. The name appeared in this text is 'Mu. Karuppanan Encuvadi'.

Contains 11 leaves. Readable. Incomplete. 5-6 lines per page approximately. Good condition. This manuscript served as a pedagogic material to the primary level students.

Contains 16 leaves. 10 lines per page approximately. Readable. Incomplete. Preserved well. This manuscript served as a pedagogic material for primary students. The owner of this manuscript as mentioned in the manuscript is velayudam pillai.

Contains 21 leaves. Readable. Incomplete. 5 lines per page approximately. Good condition. This manuscript served as a pedagogic material for primary level students.

Readable. Complete. 4-5 lines per page approximately. Good condition. This manuscript served as a pedagogic material to the primary level students, deals with basic mathematics.

Contains 35 leaves. Readable. Incomplete. 5-6 lines per page approximately. Some leaves are damaged. This manuscript served as a pedagogic material to the primary level students, deals with basic mathematics.

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Contains 22 leaves. Readable. Incomplete. 4-5 lines per page approximately. Good condition. This manuscript would have served as a pedagogic material to the primary level students of Tinnai schools, deals with basic mathematics.

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

Tamil Number Primer. Contains 27 leaves. Readable. Incomplete. 4-5 lines per page approximately. Good condition. This manuscript possible served as a pedagogic material to the primary level students of tinnai schools. Deals with basic mathematics.

Read more about Mathematical texts of Tiṇṇai Schools here

The name of the manuscript translates as mathematics of numbers. The manuscript is in good shape and complete. The content and form of the manuscript appears very similar to that of Encuvati. The extent of similarities to and differences from Encuvati needs to be carefully studied. It is likely that Enkal Ganitam is another name of Encuvati is among some community of users.

A type of water lifting device commonly used in traditional agricultural practices

Irrrigation Purpose

Possibly two leaves from a kaifiyat. Kaifiyats are documents about villages prepared by village accountants. They describe origin stories of villages, land use, cropping patterns, demographics, and so on. The details of this particular record in our holdings are yet to be examined.

The dimension of this palm leaf manuscript is 35 x 3.7. Contains 59 leaves. Damaged. Incomplete. 3 - 7 lines per page. The entire text was written in Granta Script. The pages are misarranged. This text discusses the solar and lunar eclipse and the calculations of astronomical data. This text would be used as reference material.

Contains 4 leaves. Readable. Complete. condition is bad. 10-11 lines per page. This manuscript deals with calculations to construct buildings. Contains 33 verses with some diagrams.

The dimension of this manuscript is 45.5 x 2.5. Contains 52 leaves. 4-5 lines per page. Incomplete. Readable. Some leaves are damaged. This manuscript would have been a part of a curriculum for students at the primary level. This text deals with miscellaneous elements of society such as names of the rivers, worlds, months, timings of a day/month, calculating the times of stars in a day, astrological data, and calculations of auspicious times.

This along with Kālaśākkaram Part 2 is a complete handwritten copy of the Kālaśākkaram. Kālaśākkaram is an astrological text that describes the positions of planetary bodies and their purported benefic and malefic influences. The text also contains an extensive list of planetary positions, which, at first glance, appears to refer to calendrical calculations.

Kālaśākkaram is an astrological text that describes the positions of planetary bodies and their purported benefic and malefic influences. The text also contains an extensive list of planetary positions, which, at first glance, appears to refer to calendrical calculations.

This along with Kālaśākkaram Part 1 is a complete handwritten copy of the Kālaśākkaram. Kālaśākkaram is an astrological text that describes the positions of planetary bodies and their purported benefic and malefic influences. The text also contains an extensive list of planetary positions, which, at first glance, appears to refer to calendrical calculations. The manuscript needs to be studied in detail to understand the role of computational processes in astrological calculations.